Germany has introduced an air passenger tax effective immediately for travel dates from 1 January 2011. (Hat tip John Macilree.)
It works similar to the UK APD tax – rates based on distance to destination, German transits are exempt and certain domestic flights are also exempt (joy rides and flights to some islands). The initial rates are (1) €8 to 2500km, (2) €25 2500-6000km, (3) €45 6000+ km. Distances are all based on the location of the capital city and its distance from Frankfurt airport.
Thus category (1) includes all of Europe (incl Russia) plus part of northern Africa and Turkey. Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Jersey, Kosovo, Latvia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, and United Kingdom.
Category (2) includes the middle of Africa (incl Egypt), Caucasus region, Middle East region and Asia as far as the stans. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Cote d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgzstan, Lebanon, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Togo, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, and Yemen.
Category (3) is everywhere else – ie southern Africa, North America, Central America, South America, Asia from China and India eastwards, Australia and the Pacific.
Given the stated intention to produce revenue rising to €4b by 2014, I bet the rates will increase from the initial settings. Full text of the legislation is available here.